Ann Rev

The American Episcopal Church encapsulates all the best Christian virtues, how do I join it?

“What do I have to do to join the American Episcopal Church? It sounds great now that it has a woman, the Bishop of Nevada, the Rt Rev Katharine Jefferts Schori, in charge and an openly gay bishop in Gene Robinson. That, for me, encapsulates all the best Christian virtues of tolerance, diversity and acceptance.”
(see complete article by Mary Ann Sieghart)
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,…

The Christian majority do not share your viewpoint apparently. The hypocrisy of those that are supposed to share a faith of forgiveness and inclusiveness is dumbfounding.

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There is good evidence that until 9,000 years ago in the Middle East 1 and 7,000 years ago in Northern Europe,2 people did not consume non-human milk or dairy products.

On an evolutionary time scale, non-human milk consumption is a newcomer to the human diet, and most of our genome was selected in the Paleolithic environment 3 in Africa.4-17

By using the evolutionary template, and knowing that milk is species specific, we would expect this new habit to have unintended consequences, which go far beyond lactose intolerance.  Since only a minor percentage of the world’s population continues to consume milk into adulthood,18 lactose intolerance is actually very common.  Even those people with Adult Lactase Persistence may experience adverse effects by consuming dairy products.  This is because “genes important for early reproductive success are conserved through the process of natural selection, despite potentially detrimental effects subsequent to their early and/or continued expression in later life.”19

There are several lines of evidence that raise concerns with milk and dairy intake, but we will only focus on some of the hormonal effects of milk consumption.

From a physiological standpoint, milk is 20 “a unique biological secretion of the mammary gland endowed by nature to fulfil the entire nutritional needs of the neonate.” Milk’s main purpose is to be the sole food of infant mammals during the most accelerated growth period in postnatal development when endogenous production of hormones is low! 20

In addition to proteins, fats, lactose, vitamins and minerals, milk contains various growth-stimulating steroid and peptide hormones as well as catalysts, transporters and stabilizers that ensure their maximum bioactivity.21

Here’s a short list of some hormones that are present in cow’s milk (the most widely use milk in the USA and Europe)20 that could be problematic for humans.

Potentially Problematic Hormones

Insulin

IGF-1

Betacellulin (BTC)

Estrogens (particularly Estrone Sulfate)

Precursors of Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

References:

1. Evershed RP, Payne S, Sherratt AG, Copley MS, Coolidge J, Urem-Kotsu D, Kotsakis K, Ozdo?an M, Ozdo?an AE, Nieuwenhuyse O, Akkermans PM, Bailey D, Andeescu RR, Campbell S, Farid S, Hodder I, Yalman N, Ozba?aran M, Biçakci E, Garfinkel Y, Levy T, Burton MM. Earliest date for milk use in the Near East and southeastern Europe linked to cattle herding. Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):528-31.
2. Copley MS, Berstan R, Dudd SN, Docherty G, Mukherjee AJ, Straker V, Payne S, Evershed RP: Direct chemical evidence for widespread dairying in prehistoric Britain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2003, 100(4):1524-1529.
3. Eaton SB, Cordain L, Sebastian A. The Ancestral Biomedical Environment In: Endothelial Biomedicine. W.C. Aird (Ed), Cambridge University Press, 2007, pp. 129-134.
4. White TD, et al. Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Nature 2003;423:742–747.
5. McDougall I, et al. Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia. Nature 2005;433:733–736.
6. Stringer C, Andrews P (1988) Genetic and fossil evidence for the origin of modern humans. Science 239:1263–1268.
7. Harpending H, Rogers AR (2000) Genetic perspectives on human origins and differentiation. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 1:361–385.
8. Cavalli-Sforza LL, Feldman MW (2003) The application of molecular genetic approaches to the study of human evolution. Nat Genet 33:266–275.
9. Currat M, Excoffier L (2004) Modern humans did not admix with Neanderthals during their range expansion into Europe. PLoS Biology 2: 2264–2274.
10. Prugnolle F, Manica A, Balloux F. Geography predicts neutral genetic diversity of human populations. Current Biology 2005;15:R159–R160.
11. Ramachandran S, Deshpande O, Roseman CC, Rosenberg NA, Feldman MW, Cavalli-Sforza LL. Support from the relationship of genetic and geographic distance in human populations for a serial founder effect originating in Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Nov 1;102(44):15942-7.
12. Ray N, Currat M, Berthier P, Excoffier L (2005) Recovering the geographic origin of early modern humans by realistic and spatially explicit simulations. Genome Res 15:1161–1167.
13. Mellars P. Going east: New genetic and archaeological perspectives on the modern human colonization of Eurasia. Science 2006;313:796–800.
14. Liu H, Prugnolle F, Manica A, Balloux F. A geographically explicit genetic model of worldwide human-settlement history. Am J Hum Genet. 2006 Aug;79(2):230-7.
15. Manica A, Amos W, Balloux F, Hanihara T. The effect of ancient population bottlenecks on human phenotypic variation. Nature. 2007 Jul 19;448(7151):346-8.
16. Hudjashov G, Kivisild T, Underhill P, Endicott P, Sanchez J, et al. (2007) Revealing the prehistoric settlement of Australia by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis. PNAS 104: 8726–8730.
17. Hellenthal G, Auton A, Falush D. Inferring human colonization history using a copying model. PLoS Genet. 2008 May 23;4(5):e1000078.
18. Swallow DM. Genetics of lactase persistence and lactose intolerance. Ann Rev Genet 2003;37:197-219.
19. Wiley AS. Cow’s Milk Consumption and Health – An Evolutionary Perspective. In Trevathan WR, Smith EO, McKenna JJ.  Evolutionary Medicine and Health – New Perspectives. Oxford University Press, 2008.
20. Chandan RC. Milk composition, physical and processing characteristics. In Hui YH, Chandan RC, Clark S, et  al. Handbook of Food Products Manufacturing – Health, Meat, Milk, Poultry, Seafood, and Vegetables. John Wiley & Sons, 2007, pps 347-377.
21. Walzem RL, Dillard CJ, German JB. Whey components: millennia of evolution create functionalities for mammalian nutrition: what we know and what we may be overlooking. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2002 Jul;42(4):353-75.

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Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – Hormones in Milk Part 1